Senoidal Wave Oscillator - PCB Designer

Senoidal Wave Oscillator - a simple, effective generator of senoidal waves using digital components.

The Senoidal Wave Oscillator electronics project uses the Wien bridge sine wave oscillator, which works in the oscillation by returning positive feedback from the oscillation output to the input in a regenerative circle, with several advantages.

Because there are few components in this project, the Wien bridge oscillator is the most often used circuit. The interesting part of this electronics circuitry is the negative feedback circuit to make the oscillation operation turn stable. The circuit used changes the resistance value of the Field Effect-type Transistor (FET) at the d.c. voltage which rectified the oscillation output in the full wave and makes the oscillation operation turn stable.

The sine wave oscillator is the difficult section to make because the distortion of the oscillation signal occurs compared with the square wave oscillator, the triangular wave oscillator.

In case of C=C1=C2 and R=R1=R2, the oscillation frequency can be calculated by the following formula.

• For this electronic specifically:
  f = 1/(2 x 3.14 x 0.01 x 10-6 x 15 x 103)
  f = 1/(0.942 x 10-3)
  f = 1.062 x 103
  f = 1,062 Hz

The frequency in the actual circuit was to be 900 Hz but it can be changed to the frequency of your choice by changing C1, C2, R1 and R2 of the circuit diagram. In the relation of the balance at the bridge, you had better make C1=C2 and R1=R2. Even if they are a little different, it is still possible to oscillate and generate good senoidal waves.

Pattern drawing of the Senoidal Wave Oscillator (Wiring side)

The olive-green line shows the wiring at the component side.


PCB Printed Circuit Boards for this electronic project:

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LED VU Meter - PCB Designer

Volume Level Meter With 8 LEDs

The LED VU Meter circuit uses two LM339 quad voltage comparators to illuminate a series of 8 LEDs (light emitting diodes) indicating volume level.

Each of the eight comparators is biased at increasing voltages set by the voltage divider so that the lower right LED comes on first when the input is around 400 millivolts or 22 milliwatts peak in an 8 ohm system.

The divider voltages are set so that each LED represents about twice the power level as the other LED before so the scale extends from 22 milliwatts to around 2.5 watts when all LEDs are on, or lit.

The LED VU Meter circuit sensitivity can be reduced with the input control to read higher levels. This LED VU Meter project is easy to build and can be tested quite rapidly.

The power levels for each LED should be:

1 LED = 22mW 2 LEDs = 42mW 3 LEDs = 90mW 4 LEDs = 175mW

5 LEDs = 320mW 6 LEDs = 650mW 7 LEDs = 1.2 Watts 8 LEDs = 2.5 Watts

As usual, the best way to accomodate this circuitry is by using PCB print circuit boards. This PCB design is simple, easy and affordable even for students or hobbists alike!

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PCB Design - Electronic Circuits, Projects

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